Gambling is an activity where a person or players take a chance on something of value, with the objective of winning. The value may be money, goods or services. The activity is not inherently risky, however the odds of losing are high, and the potential for harm and addiction to gambling is real. Pathological gamblers often end up committing crimes, running up debts, damaging relationships and in extreme cases attempting suicide. For this reason, it is important to recognize and seek treatment for problem gambling early on.
Gamblers’ brains release a neurotransmitter called dopamine, which creates a natural rush and feelings of excitement. This is one of the reasons people feel a strong pull to gamble, and it is also why some find it difficult to stop gambling even when they are losing.
The urge to gamble can be triggered by many different things, including boredom, financial difficulties, problems at work or school, depression, loss of a loved one, and the desire to escape. Some people find that they can control their problem gambling through self-exclusion, but for others, it becomes more complicated. Some individuals develop a dependence on gambling as an alternative to drugs and alcohol, or to relieve symptoms of other mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression.
For some individuals, gambling provides a social outlet and a sense of belonging. They might be encouraged to gamble by family, friends or the media, which portrays gambling as a fun and glamorous activity. For other people, gambling can provide a source of entertainment and excitement that is often less expensive than other forms of entertainment such as movies or concerts. The media and popular culture can also reinforce negative stereotypes of those who struggle with gambling.
Individuals who have an addiction to gambling can come from any background, age group or race. They can be rich or poor, male or female, and they can be from small towns or big cities. Gambling disorders can occur in families of any religion, and they can also be a symptom of other illnesses such as bipolar disorder.
In order to diagnose pathological gambling, a qualified clinician will use the Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS) or another valid diagnostic tool. People who meet five or more of the 10 criteria for pathological gambling will be diagnosed with a disorder.
The most effective way to treat a gambling addiction is to reduce the person’s access to money. This can be done by removing credit cards that are used for gambling, giving a spouse or parent responsibility for finances, closing online betting accounts, and not visiting casinos or other gambling establishments. Supportive family and friends can also help by finding activities to do together that are not gambling-related. Some research has shown that physical activity can also be an effective coping mechanism. Supportive groups like Gamblers Anonymous are available, and many states have gambling helplines. In the most severe cases of gambling addiction, professional treatment and rehabilitation programs are available.